Hm... Maybe I should clarify some things here. My intention is not to prove Intelligent Design over Evolution or to discredit science as a whole. I'm just trying to point out that historical events, biological or otherwise, may not be the strong suit of science. Science deals with the state of things as they are now, not as the existed in the past or how they came about.
For example:
You know, I find it funny that so many people have a problem with evolution but are perfectly happy to reek the benefits of genetic research.
Genetic research deals with the genetics as they exist today, not how they came about. As for genetic similarities between species (because I know someone's gonna bring that one up later), yes. We share over 90% of our genes with primates. We also share about 50% of our genes with bananas. What does that mean? It means that the genes are the same. Not that primates (or bananas, for that matter) are close evolutionary ancestors. Though it may be possible, genetics really can't clarify one way or another.
Historical events? Like what, the bible? We "know
these events to be true" because? Faith is the opposite of knowledge.
LOL! I think the Bible is very clear that Lot wasn't a good role model anyway. Just before his wife turned to salt, it's also written that he also offered his daughters to the mob of hyper-sexual males outside his house so they wouldn't rape the male guests he had in his house that day. "Here! Have my girls and... do the straight and narrow!" Again, one of the many reasons I am against using the Bible as a text book in public schools. Parts of it just read like a soap-opera gone to Hell.
(*6th grader doing homework* "Do the straight and narrow"?!?! Haha! This is the
BEST SCIENCE BOOK EVER!)
That and, yes, faith is not science.
It's well known that Darwin developed the theory of evolution after observing the apparent effects of speciation in finches in the Galapagos islands. It seems pretty clear to me that Darwin did go from observation to hypothesis.
The theory of Evolution was around long before Charles Darwin. It was first conceived in the 6th century by Greek philosophers, namely Anaximander, although other at the time around the world (even a Chinese philosopher named Zhuangzi) were also considering the idea of a "godless origin".
A couple natural philosophers in the 1700's named Pierre Maupertuis and Erasmus Darwin picked the idea back up and dusted it off a bit. A biologist at the time named Jean-Baptiste Lamarck did some research and had some influential ideas about what he called "transmutation of species".
Now you introduce Charles Darwin in the 1800's reading up on this research. So he want to the Galapagos Islands to confirm those ideas. And what he saw
did confirm theories of what we call today "Microevolution" and proposed theories as to how they might be similar to Jean-Baptiste Lamarck's theory of "transmutation of species", or what we now know as "Macroevolution", and wrote his book in 1859 entitled "On Origin of the Species". But Charles Darwin hardly went to the Galapagos Islands with a "clean slate" and built a hypothesis from the ground up based on only his observations. He had the ponderings of Greek, Chinese, and natural philosophers as reference.
Kef's got this one. Though btw "evolutionist" and "evolutionism" are ear-mark terms for fundamentalist Christian propaganda, just a heads up.
Yes. Yes he does. And, yes they do.
How so? One naturally follows from the other as kef pointed out.
We apply the findings in Microevolution (species adapting within its species) to the fossil record and call it "Macroevolution" (species adapting outside of its species). But the fossils cannot show us the evolution of animals, just the animals themselves. It is up to scientists to interpret those fossils based on the tests and observations from a much smaller scale. Sometimes, it doesn't always work.
We've actually seen this happening by the way
http://www.pbs.org/w...2/l_052_05.html and with the use of genetics we don't have to observe animals reproducing for generations OR rely exclusively on bone structure/the fossil record to show relatedness.
This is an example of microevolution. Not macroevoltuion.
Here's how adaption withing the gene pool works among birds:
We have a series of codes in our DNA that tells the body what needs to be what. Just for simplification, we'll call these genes AaBbCc. The ALL CAPS stand for large beaks, lower-case for smaller beaks. The birds have all of this genetic information inside of them. The differences within birds comes from the arrangement of that genetic information. From simply the arrangment of this simplified example, there can many different arrangements. Here's just a few:
aabbcc
Aabbcc
aAbbcc
aaBbcc
aabBcc
aabbCc
aabbcC
AaBbcc
AaBbCc
AABbCc
AABBCc
AABBCC
Now for the combination "AaBbCc", the bird will have a medium size beak. For "AABbCc", it will have a slightly larger beak.
When you encounter genetic information that is either missing or just dormant, you end up with mutants, and even more varying arrangements.
--BBcc
-A-bCC
Aa--Cc
Genetic information was lost and causes the beak to become deformed.
When you encounter a duplicate of that information, we see even more mutants, and even more varying arrangements.
AAbbcc AA
AaBbCc c
aabbcc BB
The duplication of genetic information is now causing the bird to grow extra beaks, or at least extra material for beaks. We've seen duplication of information cause a useless fifth leg in cows.
But
new cannot come from simply rearranging the existing information.
AaBbCc Z (Z = hooves)
AaBbCC X (X = gills)
That new information needs to come from somewhere. But the bird does not have that genetic information in its system. This is why you can find variations of all different kinds of animals from everywhere, but no animals adapting into something completely different. That's why the reported salamander only reproduced with other salamanders. It's the more vast differences in the genetic information that probably caused the salamander to fail reproducing further than it already has.
As kef pointed out, the fossil record taken together contains a lot of data. This includes the transitional fossils that creationists/intelligent design perporters always ask for but ignore and pretend don't exist when given.
There might be more out there, but the ones that come to my mind are the missing links "Lucy", who's pelvis was spliced and reconstructed differently on live national television so that way "Lucy" could stand upright, Archeopteryx, who's fossils closely resemble two living species of birds in South America, the dinosaurian Sinopteryx, who's small hairs were called feathers (it was later discovered that most dinosaurs were born with hair).
There maybe reliable ones out there, so please redirect me to those.
Such as? And as kef already pointed out, one does not negate the other.
I'm not saying it is. I'm not trying to disprove Evolution or prove Intelligent Design. Just stating that observational science of the present isn't the best explanation of the past.
Flash flooding occurred in some areas yes. As it still does today.
Flash flood did occur then as well as today. But they would only fossilize the disturbance in plant growth, like the flash floods we see today. And that's if the plant growth didn't halt fossilization all together by eating away at the rock layer anyway, breaking it down into plant food before it even got a chance to fossilize.
Hahaha I assure you there are many links for many animals as far as transitional fossils go. It's not all about apes/humans.
I'd sure hope so.
Science itself is a method for studying and understanding the world. It is not a "thing" in the way you seem to suggest. It's not like a fountain with truth sprouting out of it.
YES! Finally! That's my point. Science is a tool. People use that tool to explore realms of our world that can't be explored otherwise. Again, I'm just offering the point that history may not me its strong suit.
No, it used to be generally accepted that dinosaurs were as you said.
And as more evidence has surfaced many scientists think the latter example you give is more likely. It's all about the accumulation of evidence. Evidence makes hypotheses and theories. Not the other way around.
AGain. YES!
*Our knowledge and general consensus about a subject often changes once we gather more data about what we're studying and re-apply the scientific method.
Fix'd.
Thanks!

And kef wanted an example of how Intelligent Design needed conformation within history/archeology:
The model with the rock layers that I described in the previous post accounts for these rock layers seem to confirm, or even explain the reason why in
every culture there seems to be a legend of a global flood. The most obvious one is in the bible, but there are others in different ethnic groups from China, Japan, India, to Brazil. Now, it's
not by any means science. But history in global cultural thought does "confirm" this model.
Archeology uses science. But to say what some historian (who could have had his own political agenda or prejudices) said in the 5th century should be taken at the same value as empirical scientific evidence is just ludicrous.
Ah. True. But then... See above with the 6th century Greek Philosophical origins of a "godless origin".
Again, I'm not disproving Evolution, or trying to prove Intelligent Design. There are many points in the theory of Evolution that Intelligent Design theories/hypothesizes cannot refute. I'm just stating the observational science of the present, although it is a useful tool when explaining the past, isn't the best tool for explaining the past. That's why we have fossils that seem to confirm both Evolution and Intelligent Design, even though it's impossible for both to be true.